RHEL6.4安装Oracle

本篇记录在RHEL6.4上安装Oracle数据库12c，第一次在Linux下安装Oracel，不一定成功。

环境

• 机器配置（16core&8G）
• RHEL6.4 （已做过一些优化limit.conf）
• Yum源
• 操作机 Mac

基本依赖安装

yum install -y binutils.x86_64 compat-libcap1.x86_64 gcc.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64 glibc.i686 glibc.x86_64 glibc-devel.i686 glibc-devel.x86_64 ksh compat-libstdc++-33 libaio.i686 libaio.x86_64 libaio-devel.i686 libaio-devel.x86_64 libgcc.i686 libgcc.x86_64 libstdc++.i686 libstdc++.x86_64 libstdc++-devel.i686 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 libXi.i686 libXi.x86_64 libXtst.i686 libXtst.x86_64 make.x86_64 sysstat.x86_64 smartmontools net-tools zip unzip

Oracle配置

创建用户和组

groupadd oinstall -g 504
groupadd dba -g 505

useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle -u 504

给oracle用户配置密码

passwd oracle

修改/etc/sysctl.conf文件，增加以下内核参数配置

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1987162112
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

执行sysctl -p查看是否生效

modprobe bridge 
sysctl -p 

[root@OP-APM-11 ~]# modprobe bridge 
[root@OP-APM-11 ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 1
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
error: "Invalid argument" setting key "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects"
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1987162112
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

创建目录，并修改权限

mkdir /stage/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /stage/

为Oracle安装文件和Oracle数据库文件创建新目录，并赋权

mkdir -p /u01 /u02
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 /u02
chmod -R 775 /u01 /u02
chmod g+s /u01 /u02

下载并解压

下载链接在Oracle,本篇下载的是linuxx64_12201_database.zip。
解压到/stage

unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip -d /stage/

安装Oracle12c

因操作机是Mac，那么我们在安装oracle的时候是需要GUI的界面，oracle的安装是使用X11来显示的，那么Mac下支持X11的软件是XQuartz，可以去官网下载，也可以通过brew来安装。
由于我比较喜欢brew，那么我们就用brew来安装

brew install caskroom/cask/xquartz

==> brew cask install caskroom/cask/xquartz
==> Satisfying dependencies
==> Downloading https://dl.bintray.com/xquartz/downloads/XQuartz-2.7.11.dmg
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Verifying checksum for Cask xquartz
==> Installing Cask xquartz
==> Running installer for xquartz; your password may be necessary.
==> Package installers may write to any location; options such as --appdir are ignored.
Password:
==> installer: Package name is XQuartz 2.7.11
==> installer: Installing at base path /
==> installer: The install was successful.
🍺  xquartz was successfully installed!

那么此时，在Mac上就已经安装了一个XQuartz的应用。打开XQuartz，先做一点简单的配置：

重启XQuartz，然后使用oracle用户去连接测试机器：

ssh -X oracle@OP-APM-11

输入密码连接完成后，在/stage/database路径下执行如下命令：

./runInstaller

此时便会弹出GUI界面来进行安装Oracle。

Step-01

点击Next

Step-02

选择Create and configure a database

Step-03

选择Server class

Step-04

选择Single instance database installation

Step-05

选择Typical Install

Step-06

此时便可看到，我们之前创建目录的必要性，懒得再去一个一个填写了，按照如图配置，密码我设置为tiger，别问为什么是tiger，scott会嫌弃你。
点击Next

Step-07

此处的路径默认即可，如果您没有按照本文进行创建目录，那么自己修改~
下面的下拉列表我们选择oinstall,点击Next

Step-08

这里开始检查环境是否合格，由于机器内存是8G，swap交换去是4G（官方推荐swap=机器内存），于是我就全部忽略啦，反正不是生产环境。

Step-09

忘记截图了，擦~ 反正就是修改一下参数，我没改，默认的。

Step-10

开始安装，没法回退。

弹出这个界面是按照提示，使用root用户登录测试机，然后执行上面这两个sh脚本

[root@OP-APM-11 database]# sh /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh 
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete. 

[root@OP-APM-11 database]# sh /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh 
Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Do you want to setup Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) now ? yes|[no] : 
yes
Installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA).
Log File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_OP-APM-11_2018-02-02_14-47-10-385399341.log

Finished installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA)

一路回车+yes。看到finished就开始点击界面中的OK。
注意上面中的两个环境变量

ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

Step-11

安装完成~ 撒花🎉🎉🎉

配置Oracle环境变量

用oralce账户登录测试机

vim ~/.bashrc

export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

source一下，使其生效

source ~/.bashrc

尝试登录

sqlplus system@orcl

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Feb 2 15:57:49 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter password: 
Last Successful login time: Fri Feb 02 2018 15:25:17 +08:00

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> 

自动启动数据库

测试机也会被无意重启，那么此时就需要配置oracle重启后自动启动服务

修改/etc/oratab

用root用户登录测试机，编辑/etc/oratab文件

-orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1:N
+orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1:Y

创建自启动脚本

vim /etc/init.d/dbora

#! /bin/sh -x
#
# chkconfig: 2345 80 05
# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.
#
# Set ORACLE_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME
# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
#
# Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the
# Oracle database in ORACLE_HOME.
ORA_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
ORA_OWNER=oracle
case "$1" in
'start')
    # Start the Oracle databases:
    # The following command assumes that the oracle login
    # will not prompt the user for any values
    # Remove "&" if you don't want startup as a background process.
    su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORA_HOME" &
    touch /var/lock/subsys/dbora
    ;;
'stop')
    # Stop the Oracle databases:
    # The following command assumes that the oracle login
    # will not prompt the user for any values
    su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORA_HOME" &
    rm -f /var/lock/subsys/dbora
    ;;
esac

修改启动脚本的权限：

chgrp dba dbora
chmod 750 dbora

将启动脚本注册为自启动服务

chkconfig --add dbora
chkconfig dbora on

PDB Pluggable Database是12c中扛鼎的一个新特性， 但是对于CDB中的PDB，默认启动CDB时不会将所有的PDB带起来，这样我们就需要手动alter pluggable database ALL OPEN。解决方法就是使用SYS用户创建如下触发器：

sqlplus / as sysdba

CREATE TRIGGER open_all_pdbs
   AFTER STARTUP
   ON DATABASE
BEGIN
   EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'alter pluggable database all open';
END open_all_pdbs;
/